Book V: Funeral Games & burnt bridges
Sailing away from carthage- They reach Drepanum in Sicily, forced by a storm- funeral games on anniversary of Anchises’ death- ceremonial cavalry parade- Trojan women try to set fire to ships, tired of all tis sailing around the world- Aen. Undecided and despondent- fleet sets out blessed by Neptune- Palinurus the helmsan lost at sea over night.
Book VI: Underworld
Aeneas & company reach Italy landing at Cumae- a prophetic Sybil- journey to the Underworld- a soul’s journey
VI= focal point of Aeneid: ‘preceeding half resumed, succeeding provided with new impetus’
‘3 particular aspects of the book may be distinguished: provides V. setting exposition religious thought; final section most outstanding patriotic expression whole poem; events underworld personal experience for Aen. with profound effect upon his character & resolution’
Discuss patriotic & religious vision of VI
Once again a tripartite structure: A Descent- B Journey through underworld-
C Revelation in Elysium, Anchises
A 1-263
Introduction
‘The landing in Italy with all its easy opportunities for rhetoric is underplayed. V. leaves unasserted the excitement of arrival, and allows the emotions of the Aeneadae to emerge from a brief but brilliant opening Tableau, almost Brueghel-like in its rugged, stylized simplicity...’ Quinn, K. (read 3-8, what do you think?)
Arrival at Cumae 1-8
Sibyl: at the Temple of Apollo 9- 155
Misenus 156- 182
Aeneas finds the Golden Bough 183- 211
Misenus 212- 235
Sibyl B: at nus; departure 236- 263
B 264- 636
Invocation 264-267
i. At the entrance; the entrance to the underworld described 268- 294
ii. Crossing Acheron: Charon A- Palinurus- Charon- B- Cerberus 295- 425
iii. Various tableaux of the Mourning Plains- Dido- the War Dead- Deiphobus 477-493
iv. Tartarus described by the Sybil; depositing the Golden Bough 548- 636
C Elysium 637- 901
As sorrow & gloom of past to B so hope & glory of future to C, leaves behind Troy & history for Rome & future.
i. Arrival in Elysium 637- 678
ii. Aeneas meets Anchises 679- 702
iii. Anchises’ first speech: doctrine of the souls 703- 751
iv. Anchises’ second speech: Rome’s men of destiny 752- 892
v. Return to life 893- 901
Read out Quinn p.174 ‘A note of haste is apparent...the conflict between the book’s structural purpose (the enlightenment of Aeneas about the tasks that confront him and the symbolic statement of some kind of mystical experience) and its function as propaganda...’
SOURCES:Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Plessis, F. & Lejay, P. (edd.) Oeuvres de Virgile (Paris, 1913)
Otis, B. Virgil- a study in civilized poetry (Oxford, 1964)
Camps, W.A. An Introduction to Virgil’s Aeneid (Oxford, 1969)
Hardie, P.R. Virgil’s Aeneid: Cosmos & Imperium (Oxford, 1986)
Friday, August 19, 2005
SLL 256- 356 S Bk. III- IV
Book III: Wanderings
After the tragic intensity of Troy’s last night, a relaxation of narrative intensity; the wanderings of Aeneas, Odyssean years of Mediterranean sailing and adventure; years of frustration trying to reach Italy [brings us chronologically to start of book I where Italy is almost reached]; end of III death of Anchises.
Book IV: Heartbreak Hotel
Shortest, most famous & read of books; dramatic intensity; ‘perfect synthesis of epic and tragic’: tragic pathos & irony, epic grandeur and Odyssean echoes; personal integrity of Aen.?; degenerated integrity of Dido?; fatal flaw (hamartia) in Dido= furor; pius Aeneas recalled to his task- is this a man or a puppet of divinely ordained fate?; is he just in his behaviour towards Dido?; Aen. Fails Dido but not himself or Rome- Dido fails herself & her people;
Bk. I- IV Synopsis- as often, a marked tripartite structure of episodes, here the climactic momentum is that of tragedy. Note the use of natural similes for human feeling that becomes grotesquely proportioned; the control of narrative pace, the relief of interludes from the main action; the use of direct speech, tragic utterance at moments of high emotion; the evocation of personal feeling, the ‘psychological’ in these episodes.
A Beginning of the affair 1- 295
i. Dido in Love 1- 89
“But the queen had long since been suffering from love’s wound…” 1
“O Anna…the only man who has stirred my feelings…waver: I sense the return of the old fires…” to – 29 curses herself, tragic irony of.
Anna’s reply, was Dido’s declaration a leading speech to Anna? 50- 60 “ With these words Anna lit a fire of wild love… where there had been doubt she gave hope and Dido’s conscience was overcome”
“What use are are prayers and shrines to a passionate woman?”
“Wounded deer”
Private infatuation- drops guard, “all stood idle”
ii. Juno- Venus 90- 128
“where is this rivalry going to lead us?”
“But I am at the mercy of the fate…she saw through the deception and laughed”
FATUM- FUROR- PIETAS
iii. The hunt- cave consummation 129- 172
“…Dido & the leader of the Trojans took refuge together in the same cave…fires flashed, nymphs wailed…this day was the beginning of her death, the first cause of all her sufferings…”
Interlude
iv. Rumour 173- 194
v. Iarbas the Garamantian, an ‘African’ King 195- 218
vi. Jove- Mercury- Aeneas 219- 278
265-278 Merc. speech
vii. Aeneas decides to leave 279- 295
Resolve- In secret- “They were delighted to receive their orders”
B Alienation 296- 503
i. Quarrel 296- 396
“Who can deceive a lover?”
ii. Supplicating Aeneas 397- 449
iii. The plan 450- 503
Furor- Signs- Love mad (mythic exempla)- Dido resolves to die- does not even tell Anna: alienation is comprehensive ie. From herself and her past, from family, from her people, from Aeneas-
C End of the affair: Death & Parting 504- 705
i. Dido faces death 504- 552
Stiil night…but not Dido; read 530-552 images of Dido and her soliloquy
ii. Aeneas leaves 553- 629
Man of resolve- sleeping is visted by Merc. again and roused in terror from his sleep to move on- 585 Dido sees the empty bay- 590- 640 read Di. Soliloquy and on to moment of suicide 662
iii. Death 630- 692
Dido in frenzy like a bacchant- 670 Anna’s realization & speech- melodrama of Dido’s passing
iv. Epilogue 693- 705
SOURCES:Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Plessis, F. & Lejay, P. (edd.) Oeuvres de Virgile (Paris, 1913)
Otis, B. Virgil- a study in civilized poetry (Oxford, 1964)
Camps, W.A. An Introduction to Virgil’s Aeneid (Oxford, 1969)
Hardie, P.R. Virgil’s Aeneid: Cosmos & Imperium (Oxford, 1986)
After the tragic intensity of Troy’s last night, a relaxation of narrative intensity; the wanderings of Aeneas, Odyssean years of Mediterranean sailing and adventure; years of frustration trying to reach Italy [brings us chronologically to start of book I where Italy is almost reached]; end of III death of Anchises.
Book IV: Heartbreak Hotel
Shortest, most famous & read of books; dramatic intensity; ‘perfect synthesis of epic and tragic’: tragic pathos & irony, epic grandeur and Odyssean echoes; personal integrity of Aen.?; degenerated integrity of Dido?; fatal flaw (hamartia) in Dido= furor; pius Aeneas recalled to his task- is this a man or a puppet of divinely ordained fate?; is he just in his behaviour towards Dido?; Aen. Fails Dido but not himself or Rome- Dido fails herself & her people;
Bk. I- IV Synopsis- as often, a marked tripartite structure of episodes, here the climactic momentum is that of tragedy. Note the use of natural similes for human feeling that becomes grotesquely proportioned; the control of narrative pace, the relief of interludes from the main action; the use of direct speech, tragic utterance at moments of high emotion; the evocation of personal feeling, the ‘psychological’ in these episodes.
A Beginning of the affair 1- 295
i. Dido in Love 1- 89
“But the queen had long since been suffering from love’s wound…” 1
“O Anna…the only man who has stirred my feelings…waver: I sense the return of the old fires…” to – 29 curses herself, tragic irony of.
Anna’s reply, was Dido’s declaration a leading speech to Anna? 50- 60 “ With these words Anna lit a fire of wild love… where there had been doubt she gave hope and Dido’s conscience was overcome”
“What use are are prayers and shrines to a passionate woman?”
“Wounded deer”
Private infatuation- drops guard, “all stood idle”
ii. Juno- Venus 90- 128
“where is this rivalry going to lead us?”
“But I am at the mercy of the fate…she saw through the deception and laughed”
FATUM- FUROR- PIETAS
iii. The hunt- cave consummation 129- 172
“…Dido & the leader of the Trojans took refuge together in the same cave…fires flashed, nymphs wailed…this day was the beginning of her death, the first cause of all her sufferings…”
Interlude
iv. Rumour 173- 194
v. Iarbas the Garamantian, an ‘African’ King 195- 218
vi. Jove- Mercury- Aeneas 219- 278
265-278 Merc. speech
vii. Aeneas decides to leave 279- 295
Resolve- In secret- “They were delighted to receive their orders”
B Alienation 296- 503
i. Quarrel 296- 396
“Who can deceive a lover?”
ii. Supplicating Aeneas 397- 449
iii. The plan 450- 503
Furor- Signs- Love mad (mythic exempla)- Dido resolves to die- does not even tell Anna: alienation is comprehensive ie. From herself and her past, from family, from her people, from Aeneas-
C End of the affair: Death & Parting 504- 705
i. Dido faces death 504- 552
Stiil night…but not Dido; read 530-552 images of Dido and her soliloquy
ii. Aeneas leaves 553- 629
Man of resolve- sleeping is visted by Merc. again and roused in terror from his sleep to move on- 585 Dido sees the empty bay- 590- 640 read Di. Soliloquy and on to moment of suicide 662
iii. Death 630- 692
Dido in frenzy like a bacchant- 670 Anna’s realization & speech- melodrama of Dido’s passing
iv. Epilogue 693- 705
SOURCES:Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Plessis, F. & Lejay, P. (edd.) Oeuvres de Virgile (Paris, 1913)
Otis, B. Virgil- a study in civilized poetry (Oxford, 1964)
Camps, W.A. An Introduction to Virgil’s Aeneid (Oxford, 1969)
Hardie, P.R. Virgil’s Aeneid: Cosmos & Imperium (Oxford, 1986)
Tuesday, August 16, 2005
SLL 256/ 356S Provisional Notes to Bk. II [ yet to be updated & refined]
Book II
Introduction 1-13
I
13- 249
The Horse:
(i) The horse inspected 13- 39
(ii) Laocoon A 40-56
(iii) Sinon A, B, C 57-198
(iv) Laocoon B 199- 233
(v) The horse admitted 234- 249
II
250- 633
The Night Troy fell
(i) The attack begins 250-267
(ii) Hector visits Aeneas in a vision 268-297
(iii) Aeneas- Panthus; Aeneas gathers a force 298- 369
Fighting:
(iv) In the streets 370- 401
(v) At the temple of Pallas; Cassandra 402 434
(vi) At Priam’s palace 434- 505
(vii) The death of Priam 506- 558
(viii) Helen 559- 587
(ix) Venus and the vision of the gods destroying Troy 588- 633
III
634- 804
Preparations for exile:
(i) Anchises; miracles of the flame & the meteor 634- 704
(ii) Aeneas’ party sets out 705- 729
(iii) Creusa lost; Aeneas returns 730- 770
(iv) Vision of Creusa 771- 794
(v) On Mount Ida 795- 804
SOURCES:Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Introduction 1-13
I
13- 249
The Horse:
(i) The horse inspected 13- 39
(ii) Laocoon A 40-56
(iii) Sinon A, B, C 57-198
(iv) Laocoon B 199- 233
(v) The horse admitted 234- 249
II
250- 633
The Night Troy fell
(i) The attack begins 250-267
(ii) Hector visits Aeneas in a vision 268-297
(iii) Aeneas- Panthus; Aeneas gathers a force 298- 369
Fighting:
(iv) In the streets 370- 401
(v) At the temple of Pallas; Cassandra 402 434
(vi) At Priam’s palace 434- 505
(vii) The death of Priam 506- 558
(viii) Helen 559- 587
(ix) Venus and the vision of the gods destroying Troy 588- 633
III
634- 804
Preparations for exile:
(i) Anchises; miracles of the flame & the meteor 634- 704
(ii) Aeneas’ party sets out 705- 729
(iii) Creusa lost; Aeneas returns 730- 770
(iv) Vision of Creusa 771- 794
(v) On Mount Ida 795- 804
SOURCES:Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
SLL 256/ 356S Unrevised notes to Book I [soon to be edited]
Lecture III:
Book I
Quinn/ Williams
Introduction:
Poet’s Prologue 1-7
Invocation 8-11
Hypothesis 12-33
In medias res- almost in sight goal Italy- Hostility Juno, reasons: judgement Paris, Trojan Ganymede, attachment to Carth. ie. Mythological & Historical. Juno as Fortuna, nature of gods? I.11 ‘can there be such anger in heavenly minds- Musa, mihi causas memora –
Major themes in first few hundred lines: delight naturalsitic decription & mythic; character of pius Aeneas the hero; atmosphere of religious awe created by V.
Aen. I-VI Williams, R.D.
Quinn
I
The Storm 34- 222:
(i) Juno- Aeolus 34-83
(ii) Aeneas 84-123
(iii) Neptune 124-156
(iv) The Landing in Africa 157- 222
II
Interlude 223- 636
(i) Jove- Venus; Jove’s prophecy 223- 304
Arrival in Carthage
(ii) Venus- Aeneas 305- 417
335-370 Dido’s flight
371- 385 Aen. Who I am…
Ven. Response: whoever you are you breathe
(iii) Aeneas arrives; the temple of Dido 418- 519
Construction of Carthage; First hope on seeing a representation which moves him- Aen. Looks on history, master of time; first sight of Dido
(iv) Ilioneus’ speech- characterization of Aen. By Ilioneus;
Aeneas- Dido 520- 636
Dido’s speech, new city; offers equal footing; wishes for Aen.;
594 dvine Aen. Speaks- 612 Dido is amazed at Aen.
III
The Banquet 637- 756
(i) Preparations 637- 655: 644 but a father’s love allowed Aen. no rest
(ii) Venus- Cupid; Ascanius kidnapped 659- 696
(iii) The banquet 697- 756
Much correspondence Od. 5-8- Od. to home Ithaca, Aen. Leaving behind home and ways of life to found new world that will become Roman Empire- new kind of hero-
non-Odyssean element: note of mission, fate, will of jupter for the world (fato profugus 2- implicit in all struggles towards destined goal 33- expressed by Jove 223-
“it is a MISSION to bring peace and civilization to all men, and the nobility of its concept never quite fades from Vergil’s mind even when he explores the unhappiness and disaster attendant upon it in the story of Aeneas and the history of Rome.”
Explain Epicureanism :
Philosp.= attempt to gain happiness by means of discussion and reasoning- truth in senses
Quietist, absence pain, personal freedom from fear and death- wants to avoid disturbance so advises not public life- highest good pleasure
Stoicism
Virtue = knowledge, harmony with reason and nature; Paenetius rejects the idea that only the wise can be virtuous; Duty of philosopher to help those who aspire to wisdom, tried to adopt stoic ethics to needs of active statesmen and soldiers. Inluenced roman nobility. Trials and endurance, struggle for knowledge.
Determinism p.112 Quinn
Quinn p.: 124 C.M. Bowra ‘Aeneas & the stoic Ideal’ G R 3 (1933-4) 11
SOURCES:
Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)
Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)
West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Book I
Quinn/ Williams
Introduction:
Poet’s Prologue 1-7
Invocation 8-11
Hypothesis 12-33
In medias res- almost in sight goal Italy- Hostility Juno, reasons: judgement Paris, Trojan Ganymede, attachment to Carth. ie. Mythological & Historical. Juno as Fortuna, nature of gods? I.11 ‘can there be such anger in heavenly minds- Musa, mihi causas memora –
Major themes in first few hundred lines: delight naturalsitic decription & mythic; character of pius Aeneas the hero; atmosphere of religious awe created by V.
Aen. I-VI Williams, R.D.
Quinn
I
The Storm 34- 222:
(i) Juno- Aeolus 34-83
(ii) Aeneas 84-123
(iii) Neptune 124-156
(iv) The Landing in Africa 157- 222
II
Interlude 223- 636
(i) Jove- Venus; Jove’s prophecy 223- 304
Arrival in Carthage
(ii) Venus- Aeneas 305- 417
335-370 Dido’s flight
371- 385 Aen. Who I am…
Ven. Response: whoever you are you breathe
(iii) Aeneas arrives; the temple of Dido 418- 519
Construction of Carthage; First hope on seeing a representation which moves him- Aen. Looks on history, master of time; first sight of Dido
(iv) Ilioneus’ speech- characterization of Aen. By Ilioneus;
Aeneas- Dido 520- 636
Dido’s speech, new city; offers equal footing; wishes for Aen.;
594 dvine Aen. Speaks- 612 Dido is amazed at Aen.
III
The Banquet 637- 756
(i) Preparations 637- 655: 644 but a father’s love allowed Aen. no rest
(ii) Venus- Cupid; Ascanius kidnapped 659- 696
(iii) The banquet 697- 756
Much correspondence Od. 5-8- Od. to home Ithaca, Aen. Leaving behind home and ways of life to found new world that will become Roman Empire- new kind of hero-
non-Odyssean element: note of mission, fate, will of jupter for the world (fato profugus 2- implicit in all struggles towards destined goal 33- expressed by Jove 223-
“it is a MISSION to bring peace and civilization to all men, and the nobility of its concept never quite fades from Vergil’s mind even when he explores the unhappiness and disaster attendant upon it in the story of Aeneas and the history of Rome.”
Explain Epicureanism :
Philosp.= attempt to gain happiness by means of discussion and reasoning- truth in senses
Quietist, absence pain, personal freedom from fear and death- wants to avoid disturbance so advises not public life- highest good pleasure
Stoicism
Virtue = knowledge, harmony with reason and nature; Paenetius rejects the idea that only the wise can be virtuous; Duty of philosopher to help those who aspire to wisdom, tried to adopt stoic ethics to needs of active statesmen and soldiers. Inluenced roman nobility. Trials and endurance, struggle for knowledge.
Determinism p.112 Quinn
Quinn p.: 124 C.M. Bowra ‘Aeneas & the stoic Ideal’ G R 3 (1933-4) 11
SOURCES:
Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description (London, 1968)
Williams, R.D. The Aeneid of Virgil: Books I- VI (London, 1972)
West, D. (trans. & ed.) Virgil: The Aeneid (London, 1990)
Wednesday, August 10, 2005
SLL256/ 356S- Aeneid Bibliography & Essay Questions
SLL256S/ 356S
Roman Society & Law
VERGIL - AENEID
Course Aim : The aim of this part of the course is to enable you to read with appreciation and understanding the epic Aeneid (the story of Aeneas), by Vergil. We shall be studying this poem, composed in 12 `books’, with special reference to books 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. The following aspects will be dealt with:
(i) The social and historical context of the Aeneid
(ii) The Aeneid as an heroic tale (myth of Aeneas; Vergil’s epic predecessors)
(iii) The Aeneid as a moral and philosophical poem (furor and pietas; philosophical influences on the Aeneid)
(iv) The Aeneid as a ‘poem of civilization’ (Rome’s ‘mission’ as a civilizing force; problems of conquest and empire)
(v) The Aeneid as a ‘quasi-historical’ poem (Vergil’s sense of history; Aeneas as a prototype of Augustus; panoramas of Roman history in the poem)
READING
(useful introductory works are marked*)
*Anderson, W.S. The Art of the Aeneid Inglewood Cliffs N.J. 1969 873.12 AEN
Boyle, A.J. (ed.) Roman epic New York 1993 873.01 ROMA
*Camps, W.A. An Introduction to Vergil's Aeneid Oxford 1969 873.12 AEN
Clausen, W.V. Virgil's Aeneid and the tradition of Hellenistic poetry
Berkely 1987 873.12.AENE (CLAU)
Coleman, R. `The gods in the Aeneid', Greece & Rome 29 (1982) 143-168
*Commager, Steele (ed.) Virgil: a collection of critical essays New Jersey 1966
*Dudley, D.R. Virgil London 1969 873.14 DUDL
Fuhrer, R. `Aeneas: A study in character development', Greece & Rome 36 (1989) 63-72
Gransden, K.W. Virgil's Iliad. An Essay on Epic Narrative
Cambridge 1984 873.12 AENE (GRAN)
*Harrison, S.J. (ed) Oxford Readings in Vergil's Aeneid (ed) Oxford 1990
873.12 AENE (OXFO)
Johnson W.R. Darkness Visible: A Study of Vergil's Aeneid
Berkeley 1976 873.12 AENE
Lyne, R.O.A.M. Further voices in Vergil's Aeneid Oxford 1987 873.12AENE (LYNE)
Lyne, R.O.A.M Words and the Poet Oxford 1989 873.12 AENE
Otis, B. Virgil: A Study in Civilized Poetry Oxford 1964 873.14 OTIS
*Pöschl, V. The Art of Vergil Ann Arbor 1962 873.12 AEN
Putnam, M.C.J. The Poetry of the Aeneid Cambridge, Mass and London 1965
873.12 AEN
Stahl, H-P. `Aeneas - an "unheroic" hero?', Arethusa 14 1981) 157-177.
Sullivan, F.A. `Virgil and the mystery of suffering`, AJPh 90 (1969) 167-177
*Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description London 1969 873.12 AEN
*Williams, R.D Virgil: His Poetry through the Ages British Library 1982 873.14 WILL
Wilson, J.R. `Action and emotion in Aeneas', G&R 16 (1969) 67-75
Consult also the relevant parts ofthe Cambridge History of Classical Literature (889.09 CAMB)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
ESSAY (to be handed in not later than 6 September 2005)
N.B. Make sure that, in writing your essay, you refer to and quote from the actual text of
the Aeneid.
EITHER
Is the Aeneid basically optimistic or pessimistic about the possibility of civilized order in human existence?
OR
To what extent is Aeneas a hero of a new kind in the epic tradition?
OR
Examine the manners by which Vergil describes and structures time in the Aeneid.
How does his use of time, the past and future, reflect his contemporary interests and the themes of his work.
Deliver your work to the box marked SLL256/ 356 outside B203.
For updates, announcements and handouts see the electronic noticeboard at:
classicdavid.blogspot.com
Vergil troubles? See David van Schoor in B217.
Roman Society & Law
VERGIL - AENEID
Course Aim : The aim of this part of the course is to enable you to read with appreciation and understanding the epic Aeneid (the story of Aeneas), by Vergil. We shall be studying this poem, composed in 12 `books’, with special reference to books 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. The following aspects will be dealt with:
(i) The social and historical context of the Aeneid
(ii) The Aeneid as an heroic tale (myth of Aeneas; Vergil’s epic predecessors)
(iii) The Aeneid as a moral and philosophical poem (furor and pietas; philosophical influences on the Aeneid)
(iv) The Aeneid as a ‘poem of civilization’ (Rome’s ‘mission’ as a civilizing force; problems of conquest and empire)
(v) The Aeneid as a ‘quasi-historical’ poem (Vergil’s sense of history; Aeneas as a prototype of Augustus; panoramas of Roman history in the poem)
READING
(useful introductory works are marked*)
*Anderson, W.S. The Art of the Aeneid Inglewood Cliffs N.J. 1969 873.12 AEN
Boyle, A.J. (ed.) Roman epic New York 1993 873.01 ROMA
*Camps, W.A. An Introduction to Vergil's Aeneid Oxford 1969 873.12 AEN
Clausen, W.V. Virgil's Aeneid and the tradition of Hellenistic poetry
Berkely 1987 873.12.AENE (CLAU)
Coleman, R. `The gods in the Aeneid', Greece & Rome 29 (1982) 143-168
*Commager, Steele (ed.) Virgil: a collection of critical essays New Jersey 1966
*Dudley, D.R. Virgil London 1969 873.14 DUDL
Fuhrer, R. `Aeneas: A study in character development', Greece & Rome 36 (1989) 63-72
Gransden, K.W. Virgil's Iliad. An Essay on Epic Narrative
Cambridge 1984 873.12 AENE (GRAN)
*Harrison, S.J. (ed) Oxford Readings in Vergil's Aeneid (ed) Oxford 1990
873.12 AENE (OXFO)
Johnson W.R. Darkness Visible: A Study of Vergil's Aeneid
Berkeley 1976 873.12 AENE
Lyne, R.O.A.M. Further voices in Vergil's Aeneid Oxford 1987 873.12AENE (LYNE)
Lyne, R.O.A.M Words and the Poet Oxford 1989 873.12 AENE
Otis, B. Virgil: A Study in Civilized Poetry Oxford 1964 873.14 OTIS
*Pöschl, V. The Art of Vergil Ann Arbor 1962 873.12 AEN
Putnam, M.C.J. The Poetry of the Aeneid Cambridge, Mass and London 1965
873.12 AEN
Stahl, H-P. `Aeneas - an "unheroic" hero?', Arethusa 14 1981) 157-177.
Sullivan, F.A. `Virgil and the mystery of suffering`, AJPh 90 (1969) 167-177
*Quinn, K. Virgil's Aeneid: a critical description London 1969 873.12 AEN
*Williams, R.D Virgil: His Poetry through the Ages British Library 1982 873.14 WILL
Wilson, J.R. `Action and emotion in Aeneas', G&R 16 (1969) 67-75
Consult also the relevant parts ofthe Cambridge History of Classical Literature (889.09 CAMB)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
ESSAY (to be handed in not later than 6 September 2005)
N.B. Make sure that, in writing your essay, you refer to and quote from the actual text of
the Aeneid.
EITHER
Is the Aeneid basically optimistic or pessimistic about the possibility of civilized order in human existence?
OR
To what extent is Aeneas a hero of a new kind in the epic tradition?
OR
Examine the manners by which Vergil describes and structures time in the Aeneid.
How does his use of time, the past and future, reflect his contemporary interests and the themes of his work.
Deliver your work to the box marked SLL256/ 356 outside B203.
For updates, announcements and handouts see the electronic noticeboard at:
classicdavid.blogspot.com
Vergil troubles? See David van Schoor in B217.
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